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# GeoDataFrame.touches

> Returns a Series of dtype('bool') with value True for each aligned geometry that touches other.

Returns a `Series` of `dtype('bool')` with value `True` for
each aligned geometry that touches `other`.

An object is said to touch `other` if it has at least one point in
common with `other` and its interior does not intersect with any part
of the other. Overlapping features therefore do not touch.

Note: Sedona's behavior may also differ from Geopandas for GeometryCollections.

The operation works on a 1-to-1 row-wise manner.

## Signature

```python theme={"system"}
touches(other, align=None)
```

## Parameters

<ParamField path="other" type="GeoSeries or geometric object" required>
  The GeoSeries (elementwise) or geometric object to test if is
  touched.
</ParamField>

<ParamField path="align" type="bool | None (default None)" default="None">
  If True, automatically aligns GeoSeries based on their indices. None defaults to True.
  If False, the order of elements is preserved.
</ParamField>

## Returns

<ResponseField name="return" type="Series(bool)" />

<Note>
  This method works in a row-wise manner. It does not check if an element
  of one GeoSeries `touches` *any* element of the other one.
</Note>

**See also**

* `GeoSeries.overlaps`
* `GeoSeries.intersects`

## Examples

```python theme={"system"}
>>> from shapely.geometry import Polygon, LineString, MultiPoint, Point
>>> s = GeoSeries(
...     [
...         Polygon([(0, 0), (2, 2), (0, 2)]),
...         Polygon([(0, 0), (2, 2), (0, 2)]),
...         LineString([(0, 0), (2, 2)]),
...         MultiPoint([(0, 0), (0, 1)]),
...     ],
... )
>>> s2 = GeoSeries(
...     [
...         Polygon([(0, 0), (-2, 0), (0, -2)]),
...         LineString([(0, 1), (1, 1)]),
...         LineString([(1, 1), (3, 0)]),
...         Point(0, 1),
...     ],
...     index=range(1, 5),
... )
```

```python theme={"system"}
>>> s
0    POLYGON ((0 0, 2 2, 0 2, 0 0))
1    POLYGON ((0 0, 2 2, 0 2, 0 0))
2             LINESTRING (0 0, 2 2)
3         MULTIPOINT ((0 0), (0 1))
dtype: geometry
```

```python theme={"system"}
>>> s2
1    POLYGON ((0 0, -2 0, 0 -2, 0 0))
2               LINESTRING (0 1, 1 1)
3               LINESTRING (1 1, 3 0)
4                         POINT (0 1)
dtype: geometry
```

We can check if each geometry of GeoSeries touches a single
geometry:

```python theme={"system"}
>>> line = LineString([(0, 0), (-1, -2)])
>>> s.touches(line)
0    True
1    True
2    True
3    True
dtype: bool
```

We can also check two GeoSeries against each other, row by row.
The GeoSeries above have different indices. We can either align both GeoSeries
based on index values and compare elements with the same index using
`align=True` or ignore index and compare elements based on their matching
order using `align=False`:

```python theme={"system"}
>>> s.touches(s2, align=True)
0    False
1     True
2     True
3    False
4    False
dtype: bool
```

```python theme={"system"}
>>> s.touches(s2, align=False)
0     True
1    False
2     True
3    False
dtype: bool
```


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